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For instance, imagine you are in an experiment in which you are shown pictures of various people in my family: my brothers John and Joe, my sisters Sharon, Linda and Judi, my parents Walter and Patricia, and so on. But a situation can also seem familiar if it is moderately similar to a large number of events stored in memory. It may seem familiar because it is extremely similar to a single event stored in memory. According to these models, a situation can seem familiar for one of two reasons. It is also possible to explain déjà vu in terms of global matching models of memory. It's rather like convincing yourself that you recognize the person in a blurry security camera picture. Déjà vu experiences occur when one¿s current situation spuriously matches one of these fuzzy images of a past event. According to Sno, human memory works in an analogous way. The smaller the section one uses, however, the less precise (and fuzzier) the resultant image becomes. In particular, Sno points out that unlike traditional photography, each section of a hologram contains all the information needed to produce the entire picture. But the aspect of holography that is central to Sno's thesis is how holograms store information. Most people think about holography as a way of creating cool 3D images and as an excuse to play with laser beams. For instance, Herman Sno, one of the world's leading experts on the topic, has proposed that memories are stored in a format that is similar to that used to store holographic images. More recently déjà vu has been explained in terms of information processing. Because it is unconscious, the content of the fantasy is blocked from awareness, but the sense of familiarity leaks through and results in the déjà vu experience. Sigmund Freud, the developer of psychoanalysis, proposed that déjà vu happens when a person is spontaneously reminded of an unconscious fantasy. We don't yet have a definitive account of the mechanisms that produce déjà vu but a number of theoretical approaches have been advanced. Most people experience déjà vu at some point in their lives-surveys indicate that a majority of respondents have experienced at least one episode of déjà vu.
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The experience is frequently disconcerting and is often accompanied by a sense of unreality. The familiarity experienced in déjà vu is global in that it seems as if the entire event-every detail-has happened before, despite the knowledge that the event is unique. Lampinen, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Arkansas, supplies the following answer:ĭéjà vu is a strong sense of global familiarity that occurs in a seemingly novel situation.